My Investment Record (3)

Overview

It was a very long time since i last posted on this blog, Debating, CFA exam and outstation to Indonesia ate up all my leisure time. However, there shouldn't be an excused as time could be squezzed as long as you want to. The problem that plaguing me, is how to define my investment philosophy, that ultimately bring me to my destination. 

Between 1st March and 30 June, lots of thing happened to KLCI and general stock market. First, there is a price drop/stagnation prior to Malaysia General Election due to the political uncertainty. Next, KLCI breaks record high when BN win comfortably. Later on, news of US Fed hint on reducing QE at later time of the year, plus economy slowing down in China, caused the KLCI to slowly drop. However, recovery sign from USA lead KLCI regained its foothold, and raised to 1773.54 point. 

The future prospect of KLCI and General Stock Market depends on the general economy and company profit data for Malaysia. However, judging from historical perspective (which i shall write about later on another post), KLCI and General Stock Market is fairly value/Slightly overvalue now. These means, 

a) Bargain stocks are hard to find, b) Direction of where stock market go later, will largely depends on sentimental of market participant, not underlying fundamental. The KLCI might climb to hotly overprice region, or stay at its current level until end of the year. 

Current Return and performance

Total Holding Period return measured the return on investment in one particular period. This concept is extremely useful when you have new round of capital infusion at particular date. Thus it will measure how much the manager earned you if you invest one ringgit from the start of fund until first capital addition, and how much after first capital addition. However, the base figure for calculation of next period performance is not the total amount of capital invest before, but the total value of investment at the end of last period. 

Hence, Total Holding Period Return for my fund from 1st of September 2012 to 28 February 2013, is -8.661% Compared with  +1.37% for KLCI (including dividend yield of 3.6%).However, if you are lucky enough to invest money with me from 1st March onward, a Total Holding Period Return of 10.36% is realized, compare with 9.52% for KLCI (including dividend yield of 3.67%). First time i beat the market. 

The win is meaningless unless you can beat the market for the whole period. The overall holding period  return since the start of investing (Counting both period) is 0.8% compared to 11.02% for KLCI. That is, one ringgit any investor placed with me from the start will have a return of 0.8 sen only compared to 11.02 sen for KLCI. The good news is, i believed my investing skills are improving, the bad news is, it probably takes many year for me to outbeat the market in overall time horizon. 

A summary of current stock that i hold. 

Detail Movement Analysis

The raise of general stock market after Malaysia GE 13 was a good opportunity for me to unload few of the stocks with less bright prospect. Among them are, 
1) RCE capital, a company who supposedly doing well by lending to government servant, but nevertheless performed badly after bonus issues, 

2) Pohkong and Tomei, both will be heavily affected by the current sharp drop in gold price (from around $1600 per ounce to $1200 per ounce and still falling). As both company unwisely increase their inventory during period of high gold price (who knows gold will drop?), and their inventory accounted for  one year revenue, i believe their performance will deteriorated for the next 12 months until they finished off their accumulated inventory, and only turn around earliest at Q2 2014 if the gold price stabilize at current price. You will hope that, the management have the wits to buy enough put option to hedge again fall of value for their huge inventory. 

Other Stock Analysis

The Red Chip

Shoe and Sports ware Industry in China is maturing faster than i previously thought. Low cost of entry, overcapacity, slowing demand and harsher bank lending lead to highly competitive environment. Some company have already abandoned their business, other stay but saw their output crippled. However, most of the red chip i hold have one common characteristic, their Net cash per share is higher than their current share price (Net cash = total cash - total liabilities). 

Hence, buying red chips now is like placing a bet. Some of them will survive the intense competition, some of them will continue making profit, some may stop their production and yet, management refused to return the excess capital to shareholder. Out of the four stock, Xinquan seemed to be more likely to survive, but i feel uncomfortable holding small stake (thus i sold it with 20% profit). XDL and MSPORTS are both likely to continue making money, but MSPORTS is holding the excess capital (which might not be  a good sign). Maxwell just announced aggressive expansion plan recently. Their current stock prices make exit an unthinkable option, guess i need to wait until the reckoning day to see the odd of the bet. 

The Potential

YOCB, a leading home and bed liner manufacturer and saler in the region, with growing middle class population, the prospect is good, But yet the stock constantly beating my expectation. 

The undervalue

Harisson, MNRB are trading low to their intrinsic value at one time due to various reason respectively. But they are fairly value now. High dividend yield, high cash reserve (ability to pay dividend), low P/E and growth prospect make these stock an attractive investment. 

MFCB is another stable business conglomerate as potential "cash cow".

My investment record (2)

This post was supposed to be posted few days ago, before i start another round of infusion of capital. But nevermind, lets continue our review.

Overview
The detail of stock I currently hold, which average acquisition price, and current price is shown in following figure.

Current Return and performance
Total Holding Period return , including interest paid on trust fund deposited and dividend paid, is -8.661%. Compare with the return for FBM KLCI for the same period, which is around 1.37% (including average dividend yield of 3.6%). This is not good!

Although the return is unrealized, and as you can see, when stock price fluctuate, the unrealized loss so far staying at range of -6 % . The most important thing, the ability of the company to continue earn more money, have mixed results, where some are getting better, while other are getting worst. 

Analysis by sector
China Stocks (red stocks) 
M-Sports is still in profitable condition (P/E ratio still below 3), have ample cash position. although the future earning prospect remain uncertain. 
Maxwell and Xinquan are both doing well (profit increase in a tough environment).
XDL is ok. 

Jewellry stock
Both suffer heavy performance deterioration in latest quarter. Both have increasing cash drain problem. Both P/E still remain low (below 8), but both are no longer attractive investment compared to the past. 

Other
YOCB is doing well. RCECAP is getting worst.

How to get rich(4)- Mr Market and Stock evaluation basis

If you are a stock (or share or securities) investor,  what do you hope tomorrow market direction to be?

Most investor will hope the market will go up forever, so that tomorrow (stock) price will be higher than today, and their net worth will increase everyday. In fact, if every market participant hopes that way, they are hoping for someone to always pay for the higher price. But one would wonder, if the musical chair somehow stops, who will end up with the stocks when market is turning tide?  And how do you know when the musical chair will end? 

Thus, you should only hope the market go up forever, when you plan to sell, or stop buying in the future. 

An intelligent investor according to Benjamin Graham or Warren Buffet, which plan on keep buying in the future, will pray for the market to stay flat or even going down tomorrow, so that they can keep buying the stock at bargain price. In that case, they are not hoping to profit from capital gain, they are hoping to profit through underlying cash flow derived from the stock. 

How do you determined if the stock is underpriced? 

One simple way, is to find the implied rate of return using Present Value formula, 

P = D/ ( r - g) 

Where P is current price, 

D is amount of dividend, 

r is the implied rate of return,

g is the growth rate , equal to ROE * retention ratio

Retention ratio = amount of earning that is not pay out = (1 - D/E)

Using public bank as an example (stock code 1295) With Price = RM 15.64, Dividend per share of 48 sen, average ROE of 25.4%. and retention ratio of 0.52 for last year, 

g = .52 * 25.4% = 13.2%

r = D/P + g = 3.07 + 13.2 = 16.27%. 

Seem a good buy as implied rate of return is 16%! 

However , an investor should noted that, a large portion on the rate depends on the growth component, 

And it seemed that current earning growth for public bank have slowed to 10%. 

In other way, given the price is highly above its tangible asset (RM 4.83) , an investor can only recoup his principle from the dividend income. A dividend of 48 sen with 10% growth will repay the nominal principle in 15 years, which roughly translated into 6.6%  implied rate of return in 15 years. 

How to get rich(3) : Gamblers beware - on Technical Analysis and Forex

For past tips , please see here for how to use float, and here to understand the risk and return characteristic of investment products.

What is [ technical analysis] ?

Taking from wikipedia, 
" Technical analysis is a security analysis discipline used for forecasting the direction of prices through the study of past market data, primarily price and volume." 

In short, by trying to predict what the market will go next through current price and volume information, people are trying to [ act ahead ] of the market and taking profit from it.  Technical analysis is easy to learn, and can be apply to virtually any market which price and trading volume can be charted. There are so many experts that claim themself have been successful in technical analysis, that they can win big utilizing relatively small market daily price movement through the use of leverage. There is, however, one question that investors ask themself, if trading in currency exchange market using technical analysis is so successful, and everyone taking the same strategy, where is the winner's money came from? 

Unlike [ Stock Market ] ,  holding currency in a foreign exchange market will not generate cash flow over time. The only return you can get, is by buying low and selling high. But in foreign exchange market, every buyer must be matched by every seller. This mean that if one's is making money at this moment, someone else must be loosing money at corner somewhere around the world. One can easily related the trading in foreign exchange market as gambling in a casino. 

One would wonder, if the overall wealth of all the participant won't increase in a foreign exchange market, why would the brokerage firm like FOREX so keen on encouraging others to take part, and even providing free chips for them to start?  The answer is very obvious. Company like FOREX gain through the tiny amount of transaction fees they charged, hence the more you trade, the more they gain. 

What about those financial gurus that claimed to have [secret recipe] for successful trading? 

Well, think of all the gamblers in a casino each have different way in predicting whether the ball in a roulette game will fall on red or black square. Overtime , there must be someone that are lucky to predict accurately at 70/80% of the time. Now, the one who might be just lucky can sell whatever formula he have based on his past records. While the buyers seldom realized that, in a casino game, success can't be replicated. If there is one winner who success by trying the formula, there would be more people who end up loosing, and their failure will be attributed to their inability to master the trading formula...

How to get Rich (2) - Understand risk and return characteristic of different Investment Products

In the previous post , i introduced the idea of using float to generate return in excess of cost to get rich. Now , it is vital for us to know which type of investment products should we put our money in.

I would classified the investment products available to general public into four types, namely bonds(including fixed deposit with bank), equities (stocks), real estates and precious metals (gold) . The classification is based on
i) how certain you can get your money back (ie, preserved your capital)?
ii) what factors of growth inherited by the product?
iii) what determined the future value of the product?

Lets examined them one by one.


i) How certain you can get your money back? 

The question can be further subdivided into whether you can get back your money in absolute term or relative term (inflation adjusted) .

Investment products denoted in a given currency like bonds and Fixed deposits are safe in "absolute term", which means you are almost certain to get the quoted return. This is good when using floats, where you can invest the float at bonds/FD that give you higher rate of return than its cost, thus taking the excess home. However, investment products that offer maximum protection in "absolute term" offer no protection against "inflation risk". The buying power of one dollar ten years later would certainly be less when price of goods keep soaring. Thus, this investment products are bad place for your own money. 

The rest of the investment products ( equities, real estates and precious metals）are less certain in getting back your money in absolute term, but have more protection against inflation risk. This is because the future price of these investment products are entirely determined by the supply and demand of future market. Thus, an ounce of gold, a house , or a share of equities should exchange the same amount of goods for now and the future, provided the supply and demand of the market remains the same. These are better place to put your own money. 

ii) What factors of growth inherited by the product? 

When growth occurs, you can get more money back following the passage of time. There are three main growth factors: Inflation, Population Growth, and  Market Share Growth  (due to good management).

Bonds and FD offer no growth factors at all.
Precious metals offer inflation growth, but as the supply (ie mining activities）usually growth together with the population, it they offer less population growth factor.
As the supply of real estates is limited, their value grow with population in addition to inflation.
Equities have the chances of additional market share growth, when good management team grabbing business from others while growing along with population and inflation.

iii) what determined the future value of the product?

For Bonds and FD, their future value is fixed. 

For precious metals, their future value is sole depends on market favor. As gold is almost useless to general public, they are bought in the buyer's hope that someone else, who also know that the product will be forever unproductive, will pay more for them in the future. 

For equities and real estates, their future value is not only determined by market favor, but also the underlying cash flow that they can generate for the investor. 

An history overview

Over the last 200 years in America, as this source has showed, the stocks (equities) outperform Bonds in long run, where both outperformed gold in inflation adjusted return. 

http://www.joshuakennon.com/stocks-vs-bonds-vs-gold-returns-for-the-past-200-years/

Looking at more recent data at another source, stock is again outperform the bonds and homes and gold,

http://lansner.ocregister.com/2011/09/11/home-price-gains-pale-vs-other-assets/122448/

However, it should be noted that market favor will changes the rate of return of particular investment products, when more people prefer stocks rather than bonds , there is a chance that investing in bonds can beat the stocks in short term or long term. (see here, and here) 

Source: Bianco Research

Conclusion

If you are using float, it is probably best to invest in bonds/FD that can give you certain excess of return. 

If you are using own money, which type of investment product you choose should be determined by the expected rate of return you can get at the time of buying, which is further determined by the Mr. Market。 

Out of all, the price of gold is mostly determined by the fear of the market of possible economic collapse, no wonder Warren Buffet who always hold an optimistic view on Corporate America, will dismissed it as a viable investment products. 

How to get Rich (1) - Use Float

What is Float? Float is simply the money currently parked with you but not owned by you.

You can use the float to buy things you like, like the iphone5, the car, or the house. 

But most importantly, you can use float to buy investment products that generate return with the passage of time. The investment products can range from Malaysia Government Securities (MGS), high quality corporate bonds, equities listed on Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange (KLSE), foreign currencies, fixed deposits, properties or commodities (Gold). 

However, when someone parks their money with you, they usually demand interest rate for it. This is called the cost of float. Utilizes float to  buy investment products can generate positive return if the cost of float is smaller than the rate of return from the investment product. For example, like Rich Dad Author's Robert Kiyosaki taught us, when you borrow a loan to buy a house, you definitely gain when the rental income per month exceeds the loan payment that you need to settle. Thus, rich people like Tan Sri Syed Mokhtar likes to borrow money to finance his business empire, as long as he can generate adequate return to cover his loan payment. 

Sometimes, it is possible to obtain float without costs. Even more, some people will pay money for you to hold it. For example, when big insurance company has an underwriting profit in particular year, the policy holders are paying insurance company premium that exceeds the total claim of the others in that year. Thus, insurance company not only gain by paying less for the claim out of the premium receives, but it also gain by utilizing the cost-less float to generate additional returns. This is the secret of how the world's richest people, Warren Buffet building his wealth, as quite a number of subsidiaries under Berkshire Hathaway such as General Re (reinsurance business), GEICO(auto insurance are insurance company. 

We, as the ordinary people, wont have an insurance company at our disposal. So where do we get float? 

One of the cost-less float that we can get is something we are familiar in our life, the credit card. By utilizing the interest-free period that the credit card company grant us, a disciplined consumer can deposit the money for the bills on bank as long as he can to gain interests. If you have your own business, the money that you supposed to pay your supplier, would be the cost-less float you can used, as long as delaying payment wont incurred additional charges by the supplier. And again, like i mentioned earlier, if the rental income from particular properties exceeds the loan payment per month required by the banks, you should borrow money to buy as many properties as you can like the Rich Dad's Author. 

  

My investment record (1)

Overview

The investment start with Rm 48,000 deposited into Jupiteronline security account at early of September. For convenience I will set 1st september 2012 for first day.

The detail of stock I buy, which average acquisition price, and current price is shown in following figure.

Current Return

Total Holding Period return , including interest paid on trust fund deposited and dividend paid, is -4.61%.  I will be using time-weighted rates of return calculation to measure my long term performance. The target, is to eventually beat the long term return on investing in “mutual fund” (currently average 6.5% for Amanah Saham related fund)

Now the mistake/mitake

i) Entering Pohkong at high price. Around  september to October, Pohkong was “goreng” by unknown person, from roughly 0.45 to .57 per share. That short term speculation is clearly unsustainable, however, fearing that the market will forever recognized the value of the stock, and the don’t buy now, wont have chance later mental altitude caused me to start buying at 0.51. Which proved to be a mistake when later the price drop to as low as 0.44.

ii)  Miss out on Coastal.

Coastal, a ship building company based in sabah, which utilized a tax-exempt given by operating in Labuan, have a relatively strong performance this few years. Earning was growing rapidly, P/E ratio was low, debt was low, contracts built up until next 2 years. I miss when I can buy it with Rm 1.80 . Now the price is Rm 2.00

iii)  Miss out on Tradewind

Another pet company of Syed Mokhtar business empire. Bear the usual characteristic of the others, high debt to equity ratio but low P/E. Besides, tradewind just acquired Bernas, who have a monopoly power in imported rice market, but have to bear the cost of buying any local produced rice at guarantee price.

Recent decline in performance, plus the high debt to equity ratio, weight the company’s value down to RM 9.50 something (using my own formula), this mean that, incorporating with the safety factor required, the market price of the company is still higher than my target buy-in time.

In time, the company may gain by improving its capital structure (pay down debt thus paying less interest cost) , while profit from its diversity in various key agriculture area: sugar, oil palm, rubber and rice keep rising with population growth. But I didn’t anticipated syed mokhtar will privatized the company so soon. Thus loosing out the opportunity of capturing 20% return.